Researchers from LENS, CNR-INO, the University of Florence, UNAM, RPTU University Kaiserslautern-Landau, and TII Abu Dhabi have observed Shapiro steps in ultracold atoms for the first time. This allows for real-time observation of quantum mechanics and could lead to advanced quantum sensors and simulation. The experiments involved creating vortex-antivortex pairs, resulting in step-like signals, and the findings were published in Science. Why it matters: This breakthrough provides a new method to observe and control quantum coherence, potentially enabling advancements in quantum technologies and simulations within the region.
A KAUST-led team developed a nano-optical chip capable of generating and controlling nanoscale rogue waves. The chip, detailed in Nature Physics, uses a planar photonic crystal fabricated at the University of St. Andrews and tested at FOM Institute AMOLF. It enables unprecedented control over these rare, high-energy events, opening possibilities for energy research and environmental safety. Why it matters: This innovation provides a new platform for studying extreme events and potentially harnessing their energy, advancing both fundamental science and practical applications in areas like renewable energy and disaster prevention.
Dr. Abdulla AlHajri, a Senior Researcher at the Quantum Research Center (QRC), co-authored a paper published in Nature Communications titled “Quantum Physics in Connected Worlds.” The research, conducted with scientists from the University of Oxford, investigated the impact of geometry and structure on fundamental system properties. It identified structures with unusual geometry capable of altering material magnetic properties uniquely. Why it matters: This publication highlights the growing quantum research capabilities in the UAE and QRC's contributions to cutting-edge physics.
Dr. Giampiero Marchegiani from the Quantum Research Center (QRC) co-authored a paper in Nature Nanotechnology on bipolar thermoelectricity in Josephson junctions. The research demonstrates the generation of electrical current using heat, observing bipolar thermoelectricity where the device generates either positive or negative electrical signals without extra control. Integrating these junctions into a bipolar thermoelectric Josephson engine (BTJE) allowed the generation of up to ~140nW/mm2 of electric power at subkelvin temperatures. Why it matters: This BTJE engine may have applications in superconducting technology, potentially strengthening the UAE's position in quantum technologies.
KAUST Professors Osman Bakr and Omar Mohammed have been awarded the Kuwait Prize 2021 in Condensed Matter Physics for their research on perovskite materials. Their work focuses on solar energy applications and high-energy radiation sensors. The prize, awarded by the Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences, includes approximately $132,000 in funding. Why it matters: The recognition highlights the importance of materials science research in the GCC and the potential for regional contributions to global sustainable energy and medical technology advancements.
KAUST alumnus Dr. Muhammed Sameed works at CERN on the ALPHA project, studying antimatter. The project aims to understand why there is so little antimatter in the universe, given that physics equations predict equal amounts of matter and antimatter. Sameed's work involves creating, trapping, and studying antimatter particles in a controlled lab environment. Why it matters: This research advances our understanding of fundamental physics and the composition of the universe, with a KAUST alumnus playing a key role.
KAUST Associate Professor Aurelien Manchon has been appointed as the Wohlfarth Lecturer for the Magnetism 2020 conference. The conference, organized by IEEE UK Magnetic Chapter and the Institute of Physics, will be held in Sheffield, U.K. Manchon's research at KAUST focuses on spintronics and the development of high-speed, energy-efficient microelectronics. Why it matters: This recognition highlights KAUST's contributions to cutting-edge research in spintronics and magnetism, areas crucial for advancing microelectronics and data storage technologies.
Four researchers from KAUST attended the 69th Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting in Germany, which focused on physics. The meeting provided an opportunity for young scientists to interact with 39 Nobel laureates, including Donna Strickland and Gérard Mourou. KAUST attendees included Abderrahmen Trichili, Ibrahim Dursun, Abdullah Almansouri, and Latifah Al Maghrabi, who participated in lectures, talks, and open exchanges. Why it matters: Participation in such events raises KAUST's profile and provides invaluable networking and learning opportunities for its researchers.
KAUST Associate Professor Andrea Fratalocchi has been awarded a Fellowship of the Institute of Physics (FInstP). The fellowship recognizes Fratalocchi's accomplishments in physics and his pioneering research in applied complexity. His work focuses on understanding complex physical systems and transforming them into technologies for clean energy, bio-imaging, and AI design. Why it matters: Recognition of KAUST faculty highlights the institution's growing prominence in physics and complex systems research, furthering its reputation as a hub for scientific innovation in the region.
William Tang from Princeton spoke at KAUST about using deep learning to achieve nuclear fusion. Nuclear fusion, recreating stellar conditions on Earth, is considered the "holy grail" of power sources because it is clean and does not produce radioactive waste. Tokamaks, invented by Soviet physicists, are devices used to contain plasma, the superheated ionized gas required for fusion. Why it matters: KAUST is contributing to research on sustainable energy solutions, including exploring the potential of AI in nuclear fusion, a potentially transformative clean energy source.
KAUST alumnus Muhammed Sameed, who completed his master's degree in material science and engineering in 2012, works at CERN on the ALPHA experiment, which uses lasers to measure the properties of anti-hydrogen. Researchers at CERN are investigating the fundamental structure of the universe, including the absence of anti-matter. Current research indicates that every process that creates matter also creates anti-matter in the same amount, which does not align with the observable universe. Why it matters: This highlights KAUST's role in training scientists who contribute to cutting-edge research in fundamental physics, even at international facilities like CERN.
KAUST alumnus Muhammed Sameed, now a research scientist at CERN, co-authored a paper published in Nature on antimatter spectroscopy. Sameed contributed to CERN's ALPHA experiment, creating and studying antimatter particles. He credits KAUST for playing a pivotal role in his academic development and enabling a cross-disciplinary curriculum. Why it matters: The publication highlights KAUST's role in fostering talent that contributes to high-impact scientific research, enhancing the university's reputation and demonstrating its global impact.
Muhammed Sameed, a KAUST alumnus with a master's degree in material science and engineering, is working as a research scientist at CERN. He specializes in creating and studying antimatter particles as part of CERN's ALPHA experiment, with publications in Nature. Sameed advises students to be fearless and create new paths to maximize opportunities. Why it matters: This highlights KAUST's role in training scientists who contribute to cutting-edge international research, potentially inspiring further collaboration between KAUST and CERN.
KAUST researchers studied quantum dot (QD) solar cells, finding that QD size significantly impacts electron injection efficiency. Using femtosecond broadband transient absorption spectroscopy, they examined charge transfer between QDs and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). They demonstrated that smaller QDs with a bandgap larger than 1 eV facilitate electron transfer to PCBM upon light absorption. Why it matters: This work provides insights into optimizing QD solar cell design by tuning electron injection through QD size, potentially leading to more efficient and low-cost photovoltaic technologies.
Tailin Wu from Stanford presented research on using machine learning to accelerate scientific discovery and simulation at MBZUAI. The work covers learning theories from dynamical systems with improved accuracy and interpretability. It also introduces LAMP, a deep learning model optimizing spatial resolutions in simulations. Why it matters: Efficient AI-driven scientific simulation has broad implications for research in physics, biomedicine, materials science and engineering across the region.
A DeepMind researcher presented work on incorporating symmetries into machine learning models, with applications to lattice-QCD and molecular dynamics. The work includes permutation and translation-invariant normalizing flows for free-energy estimation in molecular dynamics. They also presented U(N) and SU(N) Gauge-equivariant normalizing flows for pure Gauge simulations and its extensions to incorporate fermions in lattice-QCD. Why it matters: Applying symmetry principles to generative models could improve AI's ability to model complex physical systems relevant to materials science and other fields in the region.
Prof. Simon Gröblacher from Delft University of Technology presented a seminar on using mechanical systems in quantum information processing, focusing on their potential as quantum memories and transducers. The seminar highlighted experiments demonstrating non-classical behavior of mechanical motion by coupling a micro-fabricated acoustic resonator to single optical photons. Quantum control over acoustic motion was established, including the generation and readout of single phononic excitations, along with light-matter entanglement. Why it matters: This research advances the use of micro-fabricated acoustic resonators for quantum information processing and fundamental tests of quantum physics.
Professor Christian Roos from the University of Innsbruck will present a seminar on investigating many-body physics using trapped ions dressed by laser light. The talk will cover encoding, manipulating, and entangling quantum information using laser-cooled trapped ions. Recent experiments demonstrating entangling interactions and single-qubit control in strings of up to 50 ions will be discussed. Why it matters: This seminar contributes to advancements in quantum computing and simulation, fields of increasing interest in the Middle East as the region invests in advanced technologies.
John Ellis, a theoretical physicist from King's College London, spoke at KAUST's 2019 Winter Enrichment Program about understanding how the universe works. He discussed the Standard Model of particle physics, highlighting fundamental particles and forces. He emphasized the crucial role of the Higgs boson in enabling the formation of atoms and the possibility of life. Why it matters: Understanding fundamental physics is crucial for technological advancement and provides a deeper understanding of our place in the cosmos, inspiring future generations of scientists in the region.
Muhammed Sameed, a 2012 KAUST alumnus, co-authored a paper published in Nature about antimatter. Sameed currently works at CERN in Switzerland. The research was featured on the KAUST website. Why it matters: The publication highlights KAUST's role in fostering scientific talent who contribute to high-impact research globally, even if the specific research is not focused on the GCC region.
Astrophysicist Kip Thorne discussed his role as the lead scientific advisor for the movie "Interstellar" at KAUST's Winter Enrichment Program in 2016. Thorne collaborated with the movie's visual effects team to ensure the depictions of astrophysical objects like black holes and wormholes were scientifically sound. Thorne highlighted his collaboration with director Christopher Nolan and the challenges of blending scientific accuracy with Nolan's artistic vision. Why it matters: The lecture highlights KAUST's commitment to engaging with cutting-edge science and its applications in popular culture.