Nobel laureate Dr. Michael Young from Rockefeller University presented his research on circadian rhythms at KAUST as part of the 2019 Winter Enrichment Program. His work on Drosophila genes has significantly advanced the understanding of circadian rhythm mechanisms. Young's research identified nine genes that regulate circadian rhythmicity at the molecular level, influencing thousands of gene expression patterns. Why it matters: This highlights KAUST's role in hosting leading international researchers and fostering scientific exchange on fundamental biological processes.
KAUST's Winter Enrichment Program (WEP) is scheduled from January 13-24, featuring the theme of "TIME." The festival includes 12 keynote lectures from international experts, including a Nobel laureate, and explores topics like biological clocks, sleep, aging, and the universe. The program also offers workshops, exhibitions, and virtual reality experiences. Why it matters: Such science festivals can boost STEM engagement and knowledge dissemination within Saudi Arabia and internationally, aligning with KAUST's mission to promote scientific advancement.
Salim T. S. Al-Hassani from the University of Manchester presented at KAUST's 2019 Winter Enrichment Program about the contributions of Muslim civilization to science and engineering. The lecture highlighted inventions like early clocks from Muslim heritage, including Al-Jazari's elephant clock. Al-Hassani aims to address the neglect of non-European cultures' impact on humanity. Why it matters: The talk emphasizes the historical significance of Islamic contributions to science and technology, relevant for promoting STEM education and cultural awareness in the region.
Dr. Paolo Sassone-Corsi from UC Irvine spoke at KAUST's 2019 Winter Enrichment Program about circadian rhythms. He discussed how modern lifestyles disrupt our internal clocks, impacting our health and metabolism. Studies show that the timing of food intake affects weight gain, with eating late at night causing metabolic stress. Why it matters: This highlights the importance of circadian rhythm research for understanding and mitigating the health consequences of modern lifestyles in the region.
This paper introduces a novel fuzzy clustering method for circular time series based on a new dependence measure that considers circular arcs. The algorithm groups series generated from similar stochastic processes and demonstrates computational efficiency. The method is applied to time series of wind direction in Saudi Arabia, showcasing its practical potential.
Science writer Dava Sobel spoke at KAUST in 2019 about the importance of longitude and precision timekeeping for navigation. She discussed the historical difficulties in determining longitude, contrasting it with the ease of finding latitude. Sobel highlighted the Longitude Act of 1714 and figures like John Harrison who addressed these challenges. Why it matters: This lecture exposed the KAUST community to the historical context of navigation and the crucial role of timekeeping, relevant to contemporary technologies like GPS.
This paper proposes a smart dome system for mosques that uses machine learning to automatically control dome ventilation based on weather conditions and outside temperatures. The system was tested on the Prophet Mosque in Saudi Arabia using K-Nearest Neighbors and Decision Tree algorithms. The Decision Tree algorithm achieved a higher accuracy of 98% compared to 95% for the k-NN algorithm.
Artists from Switzerland collaborated with researchers at KAUST's Red Sea Research Center to photograph autonomous reef monitoring structures (ARMS). ARMS are artificial towers that capture small critters colonizing coral reefs, developed to measure marine biodiversity. KAUST has deployed and retrieved over 180 ARMS units since 2013 to study cryptobenthic biodiversity, which represents up to 70% of a reef's biodiversity. Why it matters: This collaboration highlights the innovative approaches being used to study marine ecosystems in the Red Sea and underscores the importance of interdisciplinary collaborations in advancing scientific understanding.