Kamal Mousa Al-Jahni, a Saudi Ph.D. student at the University of South Florida, is researching natural water springs in Saudi Arabia, Jordan, and Oman, leveraging facilities at the KAUST Analytical Chemistry Core Lab (ACL). Al-Jahni is expanding on his master's research, collaborating with King Saud University and utilizing KAUST's specialized testing facilities and expert staff. He aims to improve sample collection and utilize advanced lab equipment. Why it matters: This research contributes to a better understanding of water resources in the Arabian Peninsula and demonstrates KAUST's role in supporting environmental research and training Saudi researchers.
KAUST's Hydrology and Land Observation (Halo) lab, led by Matthew McCabe, is using drones and satellites to monitor agricultural water usage in Saudi Arabia. They employ thermal cameras, sensors, and imagery from CubeSats to map crop types, health, and water stress. The team uses machine learning and AI to analyze the images, aiming to promote sustainable water management. Why it matters: This research addresses critical water scarcity issues in the region by providing data-driven insights for more efficient agricultural practices.
Matthew McCabe, director of the KAUST Climate and Livability Initiative (CLI), and his team have been awarded the 2022 Prince Sultan Bin Abdulaziz International Prize for Water in the Water Management and Protection category. The award recognizes their innovative use of satellites for water accounting and management, harmonizing data from CubeSat satellite platforms. They produced the highest resolution estimates of water usage ever retrieved from space, using data from Planet's constellation of small satellites. Why it matters: This award highlights the growing role of remote sensing technologies and KAUST's leadership in addressing critical climate and sustainability issues in water resource management within Saudi Arabia and globally.
KAUST researchers collaborated on a study in Iceland that found a correlation between changes in groundwater composition and earthquakes greater than magnitude 5. The study, published in Nature Geoscience, observed variations in dissolved element concentrations and stable isotopes prior to seismic events in 2012 and 2013. Earthquake prediction remains a challenge with differing views among scientists about its feasibility. Why it matters: Understanding earthquake precursors could lead to improved risk mitigation strategies for urban infrastructure in seismically active regions across the Middle East.
KAUST researchers found a 25-30% increase in winter rainfall in the eastern Arabian Peninsula since 1981, with a 10-20% decrease in the south and northeast. This change correlates with a shifting El Niño pattern in the tropical Pacific Ocean, affecting sea surface temperatures and westerly winds. The study used rainfall data from the University of East Anglia and 39 stations across the peninsula from 1951-2010. Why it matters: Improved understanding of these climate drivers could enhance long-term rainfall predictions, benefiting agriculture and water resource management in this arid region.
A hybrid desalination pilot plant combining adsorption and multi-effect distillation cycles is under construction at KAUST. The integration aims to improve water production yields by up to three times using the same heat resource. The project is funded by a 2013 OCRF grant and builds upon previous research with a solar-powered adsorption pilot plant. Why it matters: This initiative advances sustainable desalination technologies, crucial for water security in arid regions like Saudi Arabia.