A KAUST-led study in *Nature Ecology & Evolution* finds that plant species diversity is the strongest predictor of dryland ecosystem resistance to grazing pressure, outperforming climate and soil factors. Analyzing 73 sites across 25 countries, researchers found that diverse plant communities better maintain vegetation cover under grazing. This is attributed to varied species responses distributing grazing pressure and buffering vegetation loss. Why it matters: The findings highlight the importance of biodiversity in maintaining the productivity and stability of dryland ecosystems, which support half of global livestock production and a billion people's livelihoods.
KAUST researchers found that wildfire smoke particles act as chemical factories under sunlight, producing harmful oxidants like peroxides. These particles bypass traditional suppression by nitrogen oxides in polluted environments, generating oxidants internally. The study reveals that colored organic molecules in biomass-burning aerosols act as photosensitizers, triggering rapid reactions. Why it matters: The findings highlight that current air-quality and climate models underestimate oxidant production from wildfires, with implications for anticipating health risks and environmental impacts in regions like Saudi Arabia.
A KAUST-led study tracked clownfish and anemones in the Red Sea from 2022-2024, finding that extreme heat caused anemone bleaching, followed by near-total clownfish death, and then anemone death. The heatwave saw accumulated thermal stress reach 22 degrees heating weeks, far exceeding the threshold for coral bleaching. The research highlights heat risks faced by non-coral reef organisms and the need for taxon-specific thresholds to predict risks to reef symbiotic relationships. Why it matters: The Red Sea is a bellwether for climate change impacts on marine ecosystems, and this study underscores the urgency of conservation efforts like KAUST's Coral Restoration Initiative.
KAUST's Professor Carlos M. Duarte has been awarded the Japan Prize for his research on blue carbon ecosystems and their role in climate solutions. Duarte's work has demonstrated that these ecosystems, though small, store a large percentage of carbon in marine sediments. He has also advised Saudi Arabia on marine conservation and influenced global ocean policy. Why it matters: This award highlights the importance of KAUST's contributions to sustainability research and marine conservation, aligning with Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 and the Saudi Green Initiative.
KAUST, in partnership with NEOM, is launching the KAUST Reefscape Restoration Initiative at Shushah Island in the Red Sea. The project will restore approximately 100 hectares of reefscape by growing and planting hundreds of thousands of corals. It will also establish a research and ecotourism center. Why it matters: This initiative demonstrates Saudi Arabia's commitment to preserving coral reefs using advanced research and technology, which could have significant implications for marine ecosystem conservation in the region and globally.
A KAUST-led study across 25 countries found livestock management as critical as climate in explaining woody species coverage in arid zones. The BIODESERT research network analyzed livestock management, fire, climate, and soil, finding that grazing pressure and herbivore type significantly impact arid ecosystems. Researchers are identifying conditions where grazing pressure can be optimized for sustainable production. Why it matters: The findings enable targeted interventions through livestock management and policies, offering localized solutions for sustainable production in arid regions crucial for 2 billion people.
Professor Pascal Saikaly of KAUST has been named the 2024 International Honorary Member of the American Academy of Environmental Engineers and Scientists (AAEES). Saikaly was selected for his contributions to the advancement of environmental protection, specifically his work in developing sustainable biotechnologies for wastewater reclamation and reuse. He developed a patented technology for a decentralized wastewater recycling plant demonstrated at full scale in Saudi Arabia. Why it matters: This award recognizes important work in sustainable wastewater treatment, an area of critical importance for water-scarce regions like Saudi Arabia.
Iain Young, current Dean of the Faculty of Science at the University of Sydney, will become the new Dean of the KAUST Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) in mid-2022. Young brings over 30 years of academic experience and expertise in soil biophysics and multidisciplinary research. He aims to support KAUST's vision for a sustainable future by focusing on academic excellence in teaching and research, and building connections between research in food, water, energy, and the environment. Why it matters: This appointment strengthens KAUST's leadership in critical areas like desert agriculture and environmental sustainability, aligning with Saudi Arabia's goals for water efficiency and food security.
KAUST Ph.D. student Gaurav Agarwal won the best student paper award at the International Indian Statistical Association's 2019 Student Paper Competition for his work on the joint distribution of wind speed and direction. Agarwal's research involved developing a visualization tool for bivariate functional data, which can be used in climate and weather prediction models. He also received a scholarship based on his contributions using R. Why it matters: This award recognizes innovative work in environmental statistics at KAUST, highlighting the university's contributions to data science and statistical learning with applications to climate modeling.
KAUST alumnus Jian Pan (M.S. '11) is working as general manager of Hangzhou Bertzer Catalyst, a water/wastewater treatment and pollution control technology company in China. Prior to this role, he worked at the King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center and the Environmental Technology Innovation Center of Jiande. He also developed 12 technologies/products, including catalysts for advanced wastewater treatment and a portable water guarantee system. Why it matters: This highlights KAUST's role in nurturing talent that contributes to environmental solutions globally, specifically in water treatment and pollution control.
KAUST Ph.D. student Bogdan Dragos Ilies received two awards from the League of Romanian Students Abroad: a special mention in the category 'Romanian students abroad' and the Public Audience Award. Ilies came to KAUST as an intern, then a master's student, and is now pursuing a Ph.D. in atmospheric chemistry under Associate Professor Mani Sarathy, focusing on how aerosols influence climate change. Why it matters: The recognition highlights KAUST's role in attracting and fostering international research talent and contributing to environmental science.
Peiying Hong, an associate professor of environmental science and engineering at KAUST, has won the 2019 James J. Morgan Environmental Science & Technology Early Career Award. The award recognizes her contributions to environmental science, particularly her research on wastewater and its potential for addressing global water scarcity. Hong will receive the award at the 257th American Chemical Society National Meeting & Exposition in Orlando, Florida. Why it matters: This award highlights KAUST's contributions to environmental research and its focus on addressing critical global challenges related to water scarcity and sustainability.
The KAUST School (TKS) collaborated with the KAUST Red Sea Research Center (RSRC) to provide hands-on learning experiences for TKS students at the Ibn Sina Research Station. Students measured mangrove heights, crab abundances, and soil properties, guided by RSRC researchers Joanne Ellis, Marco Fusi, and Timothy Thomson. The collaboration aims to expose students to real-world research and foster a passion for science. Why it matters: This collaboration exemplifies how research institutions in the GCC can enrich local education by sharing expertise and resources, inspiring the next generation of scientists and environmental stewards.
KAUST Professor Carlos Duarte will receive the Blaise Pascal Medal from the European Academy of Sciences in October 2018 for his contributions to Earth and environmental sciences. Duarte is the Tarek Ahmed Juffali research chair in Red Sea ecology. He is involved in KAUST's Red Sea Research Center and supports Saudi Vision 2030 initiatives like The Red Sea Project and NEOM. Why it matters: The award recognizes KAUST's impact in environmental science and Duarte's role in aligning research with Saudi Arabia's development goals.
KAUST's Supply Chain Services implemented a Chemical Re-Use Program in February 2016 to encourage researchers to share surplus chemicals. Over 100 researchers have donated more than 3,000 bottles, with over 1,300 bottles reused across multiple divisions and centers. The Enterprise Reagent Manager (ERM) software helps researchers locate available chemicals. Why it matters: This initiative reduces chemical waste, saves costs and time associated with procurement, and promotes environmental sustainability within the university's research ecosystem.
Bruno Antonio Pulido Ponce de León, a Mexican Ph.D. student, joined KAUST in August 2014 to study environmental science and engineering. His research focuses on the sustainable design of high-performance polymeric membranes for use in chemical separation processes, under the supervision of Professor Suzana Nunes. He also contributed to campus life through language exchange, the Green Group, residential assistance, and TEDxKAUST. Why it matters: KAUST's ability to attract international talent for advanced research underscores its role as a hub for scientific innovation and sustainable technology development in the region.
KAUST Ph.D. student Ghulam Qadir received a best poster award at the GRASPA 2019 conference in Italy. The winning poster, titled "Estimation of Spatial Deformation for Non-stationary Processes via Variogram Alignment," was based on Qadir's Ph.D. research project. The research focuses on developing covariance models for multivariate nonstationary random fields with applications to environmental data. Why it matters: This award recognizes KAUST's contribution to environmental statistics and highlights the university's commitment to advancing research in this area.