KAUST and EPFL Blue Brain Project researchers propose a new theory about a 'secret language' used by cells for internal communication regarding the external world. Using a computational model, they suggest that metabolic pathways can code details about neuromodulators that stimulate energy consumption. The model focuses on astrocytes and their cooperation with neurons in fueling the brain. Why it matters: This suggests a new avenue for understanding information processing in the brain and how cells contribute to the energy efficiency of brains compared to computers.
KAUST researchers are exploring the link between nutrition and brain-energy metabolism to address cognitive decline, dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease. Dr. Pierre Magistretti and Dr. Johannes le Coutre are collaborating on ways to merge brain-energy metabolism research into the field of nutrition. They published an article entitled “Goals in Nutrition Science 2015-2020” in the journal Frontiers in Nutrition. Why it matters: This research could lead to nutritional interventions to hinder or prevent cognitive decline, offering a new approach beyond traditional drug treatments.
Researchers at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) found that restoring a key cellular molecule, NAD+, can partially reverse the effects of acidic stress in human cells. Published in Communications Biology, their study utilized a precisely controlled bioreactor system to investigate how mild extracellular acidity disrupts cellular energy generation and mitochondrial function. The research identified NAD+ depletion as a key underlying mechanism and demonstrated that NMN supplementation partially restored cellular function and reduced mitochondrial dysfunction. Why it matters: These findings could inform future strategies to protect cells and support human health, particularly in diseases like cancer and inflammation where acidic conditions are common.
KAUST's Laboratory of Stem Cells and Diseases, led by Assistant Professor Antonio Adamo, uses induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to model diseases like diabetes. The lab employs a reprogramming technique to revert patient fibroblasts into iPSCs, enabling the study of disease progression in vitro. Adamo's research focuses on enzymes and disregulated transcriptional/epigenetic mechanisms to understand disease onset. Why it matters: This research contributes to regenerative medicine and offers insights into metabolic diseases relevant to the GCC region.
MBZUAI researchers have developed MorphDiff, a diffusion model that predicts cell morphology from gene expression data. MorphDiff uses the transcriptome to generate realistic post-perturbation images, either from scratch or by transforming a control image. The model combines a Morphology Variational Autoencoder (MVAE) with a Latent Diffusion Model, enabling both gene-to-image generation and image-to-image transformation. Why it matters: This could significantly accelerate drug discovery and biological research by allowing scientists to preview cellular changes before conducting experiments.
Dr. Paolo Sassone-Corsi from UC Irvine spoke at KAUST's 2019 Winter Enrichment Program about circadian rhythms. He discussed how modern lifestyles disrupt our internal clocks, impacting our health and metabolism. Studies show that the timing of food intake affects weight gain, with eating late at night causing metabolic stress. Why it matters: This highlights the importance of circadian rhythm research for understanding and mitigating the health consequences of modern lifestyles in the region.
KAUST Discovery highlights the contributions of Magistretti to the field of neuroenergetics. His research explores the cellular and molecular basis of brain energy metabolism and brain imaging. Magistretti's group discovered mechanisms underlying the coupling between neuronal activity and energy consumption, revealing the role of astrocytes. Why it matters: Understanding brain energy metabolism and the role of glial cells can advance brain imaging techniques and our understanding of neuronal processes.
KAUST researchers are exploring the potential of algae for various high-value applications, including animal feed, crop fertilizers, and waste remediation. Claudio Grunewald directs a project focused on producing high-protein algae for agriculture. Kyle Lauersen brings expertise in algal synthetic biology and metabolic engineering. Why it matters: Investment in algae research and biotechnology could yield significant returns for Saudi Arabia, contributing to sustainable solutions and economic diversification.