The KAUST Pathogen Genomics Laboratory (PGL), led by Professor Arnab Pain, is using DNA and RNA sequencing to study the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The lab is part of KAUST's Rapid Research Response Team (R3T), supporting Saudi healthcare stakeholders in combating COVID-19. Pain and his Ph.D. student Sharif Hala are partnering with the Saudi-CDC and Ministry of Health hospitals to sequence Saudi SARS-CoV-2 samples. Why it matters: This effort provides crucial data for understanding and monitoring the virus's spread and evolution within the Kingdom, informing public health strategies.
KAUST and KFSHRC have developed NanoRanger, a new gene sequencing system for identifying mutations causing genetic diseases. NanoRanger offers a faster and simpler process to detect DNA abnormalities at base resolution, building on existing long-read sequencing technologies. The system is designed to be cheaper and faster, targeting diseases prevalent in Saudi Arabia due to consanguinity. Why it matters: The technology has the potential to improve diagnosis and treatment of Mendelian diseases, which are especially prevalent in the Arab world.
A KAUST-led research team is deploying DNA sequencing technology originally used on the International Space Station to analyze DNA samples in extreme environments along the Saudi Red Sea coast. The portable technology enables on-site extraction, concentration, and sequencing of samples from coral reefs and mangrove forests, minimizing DNA deterioration. Preliminary results indicate a more diverse and complex microbiome than previously found. Why it matters: This application of space-based technology to marine conservation in the Red Sea could provide critical insights into how coral reefs and mangroves adapt to climate change, informing preservation and restoration efforts.
KAUST researchers have captured the initial unwinding of DNA using cryo-electron microscopy and deep learning. The study details 15 atomic states describing how the Simian Virus 40 Large Tumor Antigen helicase unwinds DNA, revealing the coordinated roles of DNA, helicases, and ATP. The research elucidates the fundamental mechanisms of DNA replication, a cornerstone of growth and reproduction. Why it matters: This detailed understanding of helicase function could lead to advances in nanotechnology and our understanding of genetic processes.
A KAUST-led research team sequenced the first high-quality quinoa genome. This achievement may enhance our ability to feed the world's growing population. The research was conducted at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology. Why it matters: This breakthrough in genomics could lead to more resilient and nutritious crops, contributing to global food security efforts.
KAUST's Environmental Epigenetics Program (KEEP), led by Prof. Valerio Orlando, focuses on understanding how cells acquire and maintain memory, particularly in response to environmental factors. The research investigates the role of non-coding RNA and chromosomal components in regulating gene expression beyond the DNA sequence. Epigenetics explains how the same genome can be interpreted differently, allowing cells and organs to adapt to changing conditions. Why it matters: This research could provide insights into how environmental factors impact gene expression and cell function, potentially leading to advances in understanding and treating diseases.
KAUST researchers used cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to study the 3D structure of protein complexes involved in DNA replication and repair. They investigated the interaction between the Y-family TLS polymerase Pol K and mono-ubiquitylated PCNA. The study revealed that DNA binding is required for Pol K to form a rigid, active complex with PCNA. Why it matters: Understanding these structural interactions may provide insights into cancer development and drug resistance mechanisms.
KAUST researchers organized a week-long workshop on bioinformatics, covering genomics and transcriptomics data analysis. The workshop targeted students, postdocs, and senior researchers, providing hands-on training in coding and analysis using tools like R, Python, and shell scripts. Attendees with little prior computational biology experience were introduced to fundamental concepts and tools for handling large sequencing datasets. Why it matters: The workshop addresses the increasing need for bioinformatics expertise at KAUST and in the region, crucial for advancing research in fields like evolution and complex diseases.