KAUST researchers discovered that the red algae strain Galdieria yellowstonesis can convert sugars from chocolate-processing waste into C-phycocyanin, a valuable blue pigment. The study found that high levels of carbon dioxide promote Galdieria growth, and the resulting phycocyanin was deemed food-safe by the U.S. FDA. Mars supported the research by providing chocolate samples. Why it matters: This research offers a sustainable method for waste management and contributes to a circular economy in the region, with potential applications in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.
KAUST, the National Livestock and Fisheries Development Program (NLFDP), and the National Research and Development Center for Sustainable Agriculture (Estidama) are collaborating to explore algae-based biostimulants for agriculture. These biostimulants, derived from marine algae, enhance plant growth and nutrient uptake without the negative impacts of chemical fertilizers. KAUST already operates a commercial-scale algae manufacturing plant capable of producing tons of algae per month for biostimulant production. Why it matters: This initiative positions Saudi Arabia as a leader in sustainable food technology by leveraging algae biostimulants to improve soil health and reduce dependence on imported raw materials.
KAUST researchers have developed a green synthetic biology approach using engineered algae to replicate the complex fragrances of agarwood, also known as oudh. They catalogued the chemical diversity of sesquiterpenes (STPs) in 58 agarwood samples and reproduced some of the chemical complexity of agarwood STPs in algae using synthetic biology. The team used the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to produce nine distinct STP chemical products widely found in agarwood, offering a sustainable alternative to harvesting endangered trees. Why it matters: This research provides a sustainable route for producing sought-after fragrances, reducing pressure on endangered agarwood tree populations and promoting green chemistry in the region.
KAUST researchers have developed a new synthetic biology process using metabolically engineered algae to produce fragrant sesquiterpenoids, the core compounds in agarwood and other perfumes. The process, developed by the Lauersen and Szekely groups, achieved yields 25 times higher than previous methods and allows for the synthesis of 103 types of fragrant sesquiterpenoids. It also incorporates an energy-efficient nanofiltration step and operates at room temperature with minimal waste. Why it matters: This sustainable bioprocess offers a green alternative to environmentally damaging harvesting of natural resources for the $44 billion fragrance industry, with potential applications in drug development.
KAUST researchers have developed new techniques to produce nutritious microalgae in industrial volumes using seawater-adapted Spirulina and Chlorella strains. This innovation eliminates the need for freshwater, making algae-based livestock feed production sustainable and economically viable. The new Saudi Center for Algal Biotechnology Development and Aquaculture will scale up operations from a 1,000 square meter pilot plant to 42,000 square meters. Why it matters: This could help Saudi Arabia decrease its dependency on imported feed and raw food materials, aligning with its Vision 2030 goals for increased domestic food security.
A KAUST study explains how corals control their symbiotic algae using nutrient competition, tracking carbon and nitrogen isotopes. The research shows that cnidarians limit nitrogen available to the algae, preventing overgrowth and maintaining a balanced symbiosis. This mechanism evolved independently in corals, sea anemones, and jellyfish. Why it matters: The findings have implications for coral reef restoration efforts like the KAUST Reefscape Restoration Initiative by disrupting traditional views of symbiosis.
KAUST AgriTech startups Natufia and Edama won NASA's Deep Space Food Challenge for their joint solution integrating automated hydroponics, macroalgae farming, and composting. Their closed-loop system efficiently recovers and reuses waste resources to maximize productivity and reduce dependence on external inputs. The system can supply a diverse and nutritious menu of fruits, vegetables, and algae-based dietary supplements for astronauts. Why it matters: This award highlights the growing strength of the Saudi entrepreneurial ecosystem in developing innovative AgriTech solutions with global applications, particularly for sustainable food production.
KAUST researchers from the Red Sea Research Center (RSRC) and Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC) found macroalgae DNA prevalent in the open ocean, up to 5,000 km from coastal areas. 69% of drifting macroalgae sinks below 1,000 m depth, sequestering carbon in deep ocean waters. The study used metagenomes generated by global ocean expeditions Tara Oceans and Malaspina, analyzed via KAUST's DMAP platform and Shaheen supercomputer. Why it matters: The findings confirm the role of macroalgae in carbon sequestration, highlighting their importance in blue carbon assessments for climate change mitigation and underscoring KAUST's contribution to environmental sustainability research.