KAUST researchers have developed a genomic resource for Tausch’s goatgrass (Aegilops tauschii), a wild relative of wheat, by creating 46 high-quality genome assemblies. They compiled 493 genetically distinct accessions from an initial 900, collaborating with the Open Wild Wheat Consortium to select accessions with traits of interest, such as disease resistance and stress tolerance. Screening these assemblies helped identify rust resistance genes, including mapping a stem rust resistance gene to the Sr33 locus. Why it matters: This genomic resource will accelerate gene discovery in wheat, potentially improving modern wheat varieties and enhancing global food security.
KAUST researchers have discovered the first molecular events that trigger wheat's immunity to stem rust, a devastating fungal disease. The study, published in Science, identifies that tandem kinases are bound together and inactive until a pathogen binds, initiating an immune response that kills the infected cell. This prevents the pathogen from spreading and causing widespread crop damage. Why it matters: Understanding these molecular mechanisms could lead to engineering wheat with stronger and more durable resistance to stem rust and other diseases, safeguarding a crucial food source in the face of climate change and emerging pathogens.
KAUST researchers reported the full genome sequencing of einkorn wheat in Nature. A new 'cooling score' metric was created to study heat's impact on solar cell performance. KAUST is also optimizing MXenes for lithium batteries and using biomimetic mineralization for smart agriculture. Why it matters: This research demonstrates KAUST's contributions to diverse fields, including genomics, sustainable energy, and smart agriculture, advancing technological innovation in Saudi Arabia.
Dr. John Bedbrook of DiCE Molecules LLC spoke at KAUST about the challenges of feeding a growing population with increasingly stressed arable land. He noted the increasing demand for meat in emerging economies exacerbates the problem. Bedbrook emphasized the role of genetics and hybridization in improving crop yields and quality to address food security. Why it matters: Investments in agricultural biotechnology are crucial for the GCC region to enhance food security and reduce reliance on imports amid changing climate conditions.
KAUST researchers are studying the chemical signals in pearl millet that trigger the germination of Striga seeds, a parasitic plant. The research aims to understand the biological compounds involved in Striga infestation. The goal is to induce Striga germination without host plants, reducing Striga seed banks in infested soils. Why it matters: Addressing Striga infestation can improve crop yields and food security, especially in regions relying on pearl millet.
A KAUST-led research team sequenced the first high-quality quinoa genome. This achievement may enhance our ability to feed the world's growing population. The research was conducted at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology. Why it matters: This breakthrough in genomics could lead to more resilient and nutritious crops, contributing to global food security efforts.
KAUST and the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) have signed an MoU to collaborate on developing climate-resilient food crops. The collaboration will combine CIMMYT’s expertise in maize and wheat breeding with KAUST’s strengths in genomics and computational agriculture. The partnership will focus on genomic selection, data analytics, and digital breeding technologies, including capacity-building programs. Why it matters: The partnership aims to enhance food security in Saudi Arabia and the wider region by developing resilient, high-yielding crop varieties suited to arid environments.
KAUST researchers have published a study in Nature Genetics detailing genomic analysis of wild rice relatives. The study examined nine tetraploid and two diploid wild relatives of rice, finding significant genetic diversity due to transposable elements. This diversity includes genes that confer resilience to heat, drought, and salinity. Why it matters: These findings can help improve rice yields, introduce rice cultivation to currently untenable regions, and protect rice crops against climate change, especially in the Middle East.