Researchers at KAUST and Peking University Third Hospital have created a novel blastoid model for studying early human development using extended pluripotent stem cells (EPSCs). The blastoid is a 3D cell model mimicking the blastocyst phase, avoiding ethical concerns associated with using human embryos. The team showed that blastoids can be cultured to mimic post-implantation development, offering insights into early cell lineages. Why it matters: This innovation provides a way to study human embryogenesis without the ethical constraints of using actual embryos, potentially advancing our understanding of miscarriage and birth defects.
KAUST's Laboratory of Stem Cells and Diseases, led by Assistant Professor Antonio Adamo, uses induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to model diseases like diabetes. The lab employs a reprogramming technique to revert patient fibroblasts into iPSCs, enabling the study of disease progression in vitro. Adamo's research focuses on enzymes and disregulated transcriptional/epigenetic mechanisms to understand disease onset. Why it matters: This research contributes to regenerative medicine and offers insights into metabolic diseases relevant to the GCC region.
Researchers from KAUST, King Abdulaziz University, and King Abdulaziz University Hospital conducted a study comparing stem cells from Saudi Klinefelter patients with those from North American and European descent. Klinefelter syndrome affects approximately one in 600 Saudi males, but the MENA population is underrepresented in genomic studies of the disease. The study found a subset of genes on the X chromosome whose dysregulation characterizes Klinefelter syndrome, regardless of geographic origin or ethnicity. Why it matters: This research addresses a gap in understanding the molecular basis of Klinefelter syndrome in the MENA population and provides a platform for further studies of chromosomal diseases.
Khaled Alsayegh at the King Abdullah International Medical Research Center is creating a Saudi Stem Cell Donor Registry, with 80,000 potential donors identified. The aim is to identify universal donors, reprogram their cells into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, and create a gene bank for matched tissue transplants. Alsayegh is collaborating with Jesper Tegnér at KAUST to create pacemaker cells using single-cell RNA sequencing. Why it matters: This initiative could revolutionize precision medicine in KSA by providing readily available, matched cells for transplants, reducing the need for patient-specific reprogramming and improving treatment outcomes.
Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte from the Salk Institute discussed aging and regenerative medicine at the KAUST 2019 Winter Enrichment Program. His team is combining gene editing and stem cell technologies to grow rat organs in mice and human cells in pig and cattle embryos. The Salk team is collaborating with KAUST to rejuvenate organs using noncoding RNAs and small metabolites. Why it matters: This research collaboration between KAUST and the Salk Institute explores innovative approaches to address age-related diseases and organ regeneration, with potential long-term impacts on healthcare in the region.
MBZUAI researchers have developed MorphDiff, a diffusion model that predicts cell morphology from gene expression data. MorphDiff uses the transcriptome to generate realistic post-perturbation images, either from scratch or by transforming a control image. The model combines a Morphology Variational Autoencoder (MVAE) with a Latent Diffusion Model, enabling both gene-to-image generation and image-to-image transformation. Why it matters: This could significantly accelerate drug discovery and biological research by allowing scientists to preview cellular changes before conducting experiments.
KAUST Ph.D. student Asma Al-Amoodi received the 2019 L’Oréal-UNESCO For Women in Science Middle East Fellowship for her work on stem cell treatments for hematological diseases. Her research focuses on improving the migration of hematopoietic stem cells to the bone marrow after transplantation. Al-Amoodi was granted €8,000 to support her doctoral research at KAUST under the supervision of Associate Professor Jasmeen Merzaban. Why it matters: The fellowship highlights the increasing role of women in STEM in Saudi Arabia and supports research with potential therapeutic impact.
KAUST alumna Dina Bashir Abusamra, who received her master's degree in 2010 and Ph.D. in 2016 from KAUST, is now a postdoctoral research fellow at the Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, an affiliate of Harvard Medical School. Her early research at KAUST focused on understanding the mechanisms by which transplanted hematopoietic stem cells home back to bone marrow, specifically studying glycan-binding proteins like selectin. She now studies the role of glycan-binding proteins and galectins in microenvironment modulation. Why it matters: This highlights the impact of KAUST in fostering scientific talent and contributing to research in biomedical engineering and bioscience, with alumni now making contributions at leading international research institutions.