A study co-authored by KAUST researchers and published in Science analyzes the intertwined climate and biodiversity crises, noting that human activities have altered roughly 75% of land and 66% of marine waters. Greenhouse-gas emissions amount to over 55 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent per year, with global mean temperature increased by over 1.1 degrees Celsius since the preindustrial era. The study proposes an ambitious approach including emissions reduction, restoration, and cross-institutional alliances. Why it matters: This highlights KAUST's contribution to global research on pressing environmental challenges and informs strategies for regional sustainable development initiatives.
An international team including KAUST researchers tracked nearly 2,000 sharks using satellite tags to map their movement and space use. The study found that 24% of shark habitats overlap with pelagic longline fisheries, with higher overlap for commercially exploited species. For North Atlantic blue and shortfin mako sharks, the overlap was 76% and 62% respectively. Why it matters: This research highlights the vulnerability of sharks to industrial fishing and underscores the need for targeted conservation efforts in critical habitats.
A KAUST-led international study published in Nature outlines a roadmap for marine life to recover to full abundance by 2050. The study identifies "recovery wedges" consisting of six complementary interventions: protecting species, harvesting wisely, protecting spaces, restoring habitats, reducing pollution, and mitigating climate change. Researchers found evidence of marine life's resilience and a shift from losses to recovery in some areas. Why it matters: The study provides actionable recommendations for large-scale interventions to achieve a sustainable future for marine ecosystems in the Red Sea and globally.
KAUST Professor Carlos Duarte presented a lecture on the rebound of global ecosystems following decreased human activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Duarte, a member of the Rapid Research Response Team (R3T), discussed evidence indicating the environment's capacity for recovery. He related these findings to the potential for positive change in addressing climate change. Why it matters: The lecture highlights KAUST's contribution to understanding the impact of human activity on ecosystems and potential solutions to climate change.
KAUST researchers collaborated with international scientists to propose a nature-based adaptive approach for coral restoration, published in Nature Reviews in Earth & Environment. The review emphasizes enhancing specific components of the coral holobiont to maximize the natural adaptive capacity of corals to survive climate change. It advocates for customized protection approaches based on the reef's degradation, location, and traits. Why it matters: This research offers a critical roadmap for preserving coral reefs, which are vital ecosystems threatened by climate change, by leveraging the corals' natural adaptive mechanisms.
A KAUST-led team used acoustic technology and net sampling to explore ocean depths in 146 locations worldwide. They found that the biomass of pelagic organisms in the deep sea is much larger than previously thought, especially below productive waters. Deep-sea fauna migrates to shallower areas to feed, transporting carbon to the deep sea. Why it matters: This suggests the ocean's carbon pump is more effective than previously understood, with implications for climate change mitigation strategies.
KAUST and the National Center for Wildlife (NCW) discovered an unexpected ecosystem deep below the Farasan Bank coral reef system in the Red Sea. The deep waters were inhabited by corals, fish, and other animals thriving in low oxygen and high acidity conditions. Creatures showed coping strategies like slower swimming and healthy coral growth despite conditions normally preventing calcification. Why it matters: The discovery highlights the Red Sea's significance as a natural laboratory for studying marine resilience to climate change, expanding our understanding of how marine life adapts to extreme conditions.
KAUST and the National Center for Wildlife (NCW) are collaborating on research to protect Saudi Arabia's coastal ecosystems and marine economy from invasive species. They are conducting biodiversity surveys along the Red Sea and Arabian Gulf coasts, having surveyed 34 sites and collected over 10,000 samples. So far, 200 species with potential marine invasive traits have been identified, expanding the national knowledge base of marine life. Why it matters: The partnership aims to develop early detection and monitoring systems, fortifying Saudi Arabia's marine biosecurity efforts and supporting its Vision 2030 blue economy goals.