KAUST researchers from statistics and earth science collaborated to improve earthquake source modeling. They developed a statistical ranking tool to classify 2D fields, applicable to geoscience models like temperature or precipitation. The tool helps compare different 2D fields describing the earthquake source process and quantify inter-event variability. Why it matters: This cross-disciplinary approach enhances the reliability of earthquake rupture models, contributing to better hazard assessment and risk management in seismically active regions.
KAUST Professor J. Carlos Santamarina is researching solutions to the global energy challenge, focusing on sustainable energy production while reducing CO2 emissions. He notes the increasing energy demand due to population growth and the limitations of current energy sources. Santamarina emphasizes the need for fuel-producing countries to participate in carbon capture and storage to meet carbon targets. Why it matters: This research contributes to addressing critical sustainability challenges in the region, especially in oil-producing countries like Saudi Arabia.
KAUST researchers have found that dust clouds in the Arabian Peninsula are three times larger than previously estimated by current models. The study, published in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, uses refined mathematical models and data collected since 2012 to analyze the impact of coarse dust particles. The updated model indicates that larger particles contribute to over 80% of dust mass on land, leading to significant efficiency loss for solar technology, estimated at 15-45% depending on location. Why it matters: Accurate dust modeling is crucial for the strategic deployment and maintenance of solar technology, supporting Saudi Arabia's sustainable economy goals.
A team from KAUST's Earth Science and Engineering program visited the site of the ongoing volcanic eruption in Iceland, which began in August 2014. Researchers monitored ground movements related to a collapsing structure near the eruption site using GPS instruments to measure vertical ground displacements. They aim to compare these measurements with satellite radar data to quantify volume changes before, during, and after the eruption. Why it matters: This study exemplifies the application of KAUST's earth science expertise to understanding and monitoring significant geological events, contributing to hazard assessment and risk management in volcanically active regions.
J. Carlos Santamarina, a Professor of Earth Science and Engineering at KAUST, is researching geomaterial behavior and subsurface processes. His work focuses on energy geo-engineering, resource recovery, and geological storage of energy waste. He uses particle-level experiments, numerical methods, and monitoring systems to understand coupled thermo-hydro-bio-chemo-mechanically processes. Why it matters: This research contributes to energy sustainability and addresses global energy challenges through advanced geotechnology.
A collaborative research team including KAUST scientists has located a major sink for missing ocean plastic in coastal sediments and mangrove forests of the Red Sea and Arabian Gulf. Core samples showed a pattern of plastic sedimentation aligning with the history of global plastic production since the 1950s. Mangroves efficiently lock up microplastics in coastal soil, with plastic burial rates increasing similarly to global production. Why it matters: The findings highlight the critical role of mangroves in trapping plastic pollution and provide evidence that plastic sedimentation marks the start of a new geological epoch, the Anthropocene.
KAUST Professor Marc Genton has been selected as the 2020 Georges Matheron Lecturer of the International Association for Mathematical Geosciences. Genton will present a lecture at the 36th International Geological Congress in Delhi, India, focusing on geostatistics, climate model outputs, and the ExaGeoStat software developed at KAUST. His lecture will cover Matheron's theory of regionalized variables and showcase ExaGeoStat, a high-performance software for geostatistics with exascale computing capability developed at KAUST. Why it matters: This recognition highlights KAUST's contributions to advanced statistical methods and high-performance computing in geosciences, enhancing its international reputation in these fields.