KAUST scientists discovered a new brine pool in the Red Sea, named the Afifi pool, in collaboration with Saudi Aramco. The Afifi pool is the saltiest known in the Red Sea, six times saltier than surrounding seawater, and is located at a depth of 400 meters. Researchers used a variety of tools including Niskin bottles, an Idronaut CTD, and the Research Vessel Thuwal to characterize the pool's physical and chemical properties and sample its microbiology. Why it matters: This discovery facilitates understanding of the geochemistry and microbiology of extreme ecosystems, potentially aiding in the sustainable conservation of the Red Sea and offering insights into potential extraterrestrial environments.
Aramco and KAUST-incubated startup Lihytech are collaborating to develop Direct Lithium Extraction (DLE) technology in Saudi Arabia. Aramco is providing oilfield brines to Lihytech to assess their lithium extraction technology at KAUST Research and Technology Park. The collaboration supports Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 and its growing demand for lithium in electric vehicles. Why it matters: This partnership could unlock a new critical mineral industry in Saudi Arabia, leveraging existing oilfield resources for sustainable lithium production.
KAUST researchers have developed a new technology for direct lithium extraction from brine in oilfields and seawater, potentially positioning Saudi Arabia as a major lithium producer. The technology, demonstrated at a pilot scale, allows extraction from low-concentration sources (as low as 20 parts per million) without pollutants. It could increase global lithium resources from 22 million tons to over 230 billion tons. Why it matters: This innovation could transform Saudi Arabia from a lithium importer to a producer, strengthening its energy security and influence in the global clean energy market.
KAUST researchers and German collaborators explored the Red Sea's depths using the RV Meteor, employing ROVs and seismic equipment to map geological and biological features. They examined underwater hot springs, microbial mats, and deep-sea brine pools, discovering hydrothermal vent fields with unique ecosystems. The research, involving multidisciplinary teams, provides insights into the Red Sea's geology, ecosystems, and biodiversity. Why it matters: Studying the Red Sea's unique environment can offer valuable knowledge about young ocean development and novel marine ecosystems, relevant for understanding similar geological formations and biodiversity hotspots in the region.
KAUST research scientist Dr. Ram Karan won two awards at the International Congress of Extremophiles 2018 for his work on extremozymes from Red Sea brine pools. His research focuses on understanding how life is possible under extreme conditions using culture-independent methods to evaluate the structure and function of polyextremophilic enzymes. Crystal structure analysis provided insights into how enzymes adapt to extreme conditions. Why it matters: This research provides insights into the possibilities of life in extreme conditions and has implications for astrobiology.
KAUST Research Scientist Dr. Ram Karan received a Young Scientist Award at the 15th International Congress on Thermophiles in Japan for his work on extremozymes from Red Sea brine pools. His research focuses on identifying, purifying, and bioengineering microbial proteins from these pools. He utilizes single-amplified genomes (SAGs) to produce extremozyme proteins without needing to grow cells in the lab. Why it matters: This award recognizes KAUST's innovative research into extremophiles, which have the potential to develop novel, sustainable biotechnical processes for industrial applications.
KAUST researchers have developed a new solar distillation device that prevents salt accumulation by using a centimeter-scale plastic cube containing glass fiber membranes and carbon nanotubes. The design incorporates vertically oriented membranes with hydrophilic microchannels to transport seawater to the top solar layer for distillation. This elevated design doubles the freshwater production rate compared to existing salt-rejection solar stills. Why it matters: This innovation improves the efficiency and longevity of solar-powered desalination, offering a sustainable solution for water purification in emergency situations and remote areas.
KAUST and the National Center for Wildlife (NCW) discovered an unexpected ecosystem deep below the Farasan Bank coral reef system in the Red Sea. The deep waters were inhabited by corals, fish, and other animals thriving in low oxygen and high acidity conditions. Creatures showed coping strategies like slower swimming and healthy coral growth despite conditions normally preventing calcification. Why it matters: The discovery highlights the Red Sea's significance as a natural laboratory for studying marine resilience to climate change, expanding our understanding of how marine life adapts to extreme conditions.