Conor McMenamin from Universitat Pompeu Fabra presented a seminar on State Machine Replication (SMR) without honest participants. The talk covered the limitations of current SMR protocols and introduced the ByRa model, a framework for player characterization free of honest participants. He then described FAIRSICAL, a sandbox SMR protocol, and discussed how the ideas could be extended to real-world protocols, with a focus on blockchains and cryptocurrencies. Why it matters: This research on SMR protocols and their incentive compatibility could lead to more robust and secure blockchain technologies in the region.
A presentation discusses using programmable network devices to reduce communication bottlenecks in distributed deep learning. It explores in-network aggregation and data processing to lower memory needs and increase bandwidth usage. The talk also covers gradient compression and the potential role of programmable NICs. Why it matters: Optimizing distributed deep learning infrastructure is critical for scaling AI model training in resource-constrained environments.
The Secure Systems Research Center (SSRC) has partnered with the University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney) to research enhancements and scaling of the seL4 microkernel on edge devices. The collaboration aims to extend the seL4 microkernel to support dynamic virtualization, combining minimal trusted computing base with strong isolation. This will address challenges related to heterogeneous hardware, software, and environmental factors in edge computing. Why it matters: This partnership aims to improve the security of edge devices in critical sectors, addressing vulnerabilities in cyber-physical and autonomous systems.
This paper presents a reinforcement learning framework for optimizing energy pricing in peer-to-peer (P2P) energy systems. The framework aims to maximize the profit of all components in a microgrid, including consumers, prosumers, the service provider, and a community battery. Experimental results on the Pymgrid dataset demonstrate the approach's effectiveness in price optimization, considering the interests of different components and the impact of community battery capacity.
This paper introduces SimulMask, a new paradigm for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) for simultaneous translation. SimulMask utilizes a novel attention masking approach that models simultaneous translation during fine-tuning by masking attention for a desired decision policy. Applied to a Falcon LLM on the IWSLT 2017 dataset, SimulMask achieves improved translation quality compared to state-of-the-art prompting optimization strategies across five language pairs while reducing computational cost. Why it matters: The proposed method offers a more efficient way to adapt LLMs for real-time translation, potentially enhancing multilingual communication tools and services.
Associate Professor Anamaria Costache from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) will present a seminar on Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE). The talk will cover recent advancements in FHE, its mathematical foundations, and implementation results. It will also address remaining challenges in the field. Why it matters: FHE's growing importance is driven by Machine Learning as a Service and the increasing value of secure computation, though the seminar itself has no direct connection to the Middle East.
Cristofaro Mune and Niek Timmers presented a seminar on bypassing unbreakable crypto using fault injection on Espressif ESP32 chips. The presentation detailed how the hardware-based Encrypted Secure Boot implementation of the ESP32 SoC was bypassed using a single EM glitch, without knowing the decryption key. This attack exploited multiple hardware vulnerabilities, enabling arbitrary code execution and extraction of plain-text data from external flash. Why it matters: The research highlights critical security vulnerabilities in embedded systems and the potential for fault injection attacks to bypass secure boot mechanisms, necessitating stronger hardware-level security measures.
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has been evaluating Post-Quantum Cryptography proposals since 2017. Lattice-based schemes have emerged as efficient candidates for Key Encapsulation Mechanisms (KEM) and Digital Signatures. This talk will cover the core operations within lattice-based schemes and efficient implementation strategies. Why it matters: As quantum computing advances, exploring and standardizing post-quantum cryptography is crucial for maintaining secure communication and data protection in the future.