A KAUST-led study in *Nature Ecology & Evolution* finds that plant species diversity is the strongest predictor of dryland ecosystem resistance to grazing pressure, outperforming climate and soil factors. Analyzing 73 sites across 25 countries, researchers found that diverse plant communities better maintain vegetation cover under grazing. This is attributed to varied species responses distributing grazing pressure and buffering vegetation loss. Why it matters: The findings highlight the importance of biodiversity in maintaining the productivity and stability of dryland ecosystems, which support half of global livestock production and a billion people's livelihoods.
A study co-authored by KAUST researchers and published in Science analyzes the intertwined climate and biodiversity crises, noting that human activities have altered roughly 75% of land and 66% of marine waters. Greenhouse-gas emissions amount to over 55 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent per year, with global mean temperature increased by over 1.1 degrees Celsius since the preindustrial era. The study proposes an ambitious approach including emissions reduction, restoration, and cross-institutional alliances. Why it matters: This highlights KAUST's contribution to global research on pressing environmental challenges and informs strategies for regional sustainable development initiatives.
KAUST is seeking technology-based solutions to build resilience in local ecosystems facing challenges like climate change, disasters, and food insecurity. The WTI Resilience Challenge 2021/22 is accepting proposals under four tracks, with a deadline of December 9, 2021. The top five nominees will receive KAUST mentorship, and three winners will be awarded prizes during the WEP closure ceremony. Why it matters: This challenge promotes innovation in addressing critical environmental and societal issues, aligning with Saudi Arabia's focus on sustainability and technological advancement.
KAUST Professor Carlos Duarte presented a lecture on the rebound of global ecosystems following decreased human activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Duarte, a member of the Rapid Research Response Team (R3T), discussed evidence indicating the environment's capacity for recovery. He related these findings to the potential for positive change in addressing climate change. Why it matters: The lecture highlights KAUST's contribution to understanding the impact of human activity on ecosystems and potential solutions to climate change.
Carlos Duarte, a professor of Marine Science at KAUST, discusses climate change adaptation and mitigation. He was interviewed outside the KAUST Museum of Science and Technology. The interview is part of a Frontiers Research Topic on Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation. Why it matters: This highlights KAUST's focus on addressing climate change through scientific research and its engagement with international platforms like Frontiers.
KAUST's Women to Impact (WTI) initiative launched the Resilience Challenge as part of the Winter Enrichment Program (WEP). The challenge seeks tech-based solutions for building resilience in ecosystems against climate change, epidemics, and food insecurity. The winning solution will receive $10,000 USD, with second and third prizes of $7,000 and $5,000 respectively; the competition is open globally to diverse teams and individuals, with a submission deadline of December 31, 2021. Why it matters: The initiative highlights KAUST's focus on sustainability and aims to foster technology-driven solutions aligned with the UN's Sustainable Development Goals, encouraging global participation in addressing critical environmental and health challenges.
KAUST and the National Center for Wildlife (NCW) discovered an unexpected ecosystem deep below the Farasan Bank coral reef system in the Red Sea. The deep waters were inhabited by corals, fish, and other animals thriving in low oxygen and high acidity conditions. Creatures showed coping strategies like slower swimming and healthy coral growth despite conditions normally preventing calcification. Why it matters: The discovery highlights the Red Sea's significance as a natural laboratory for studying marine resilience to climate change, expanding our understanding of how marine life adapts to extreme conditions.