KAUST researchers have developed an ultrathin polymer-based membrane for water desalination with high water flux and salt rejection. The membrane utilizes two-dimensional porous carbonaceous materials with subnanometer-sized molecular transport channels. The membrane outperformed existing desalination systems using carbon nanotubes and graphene in forward and reverse osmosis. Why it matters: This innovation offers a promising alternative for efficient and cost-effective desalination, addressing critical water scarcity challenges in the region and beyond.
KAUST researchers are developing new solar desalination methods to increase efficiency and minimize heat losses, building on techniques dating back to Arab alchemists. KAUST Associate Professor Peng Wang and his team at the Water Desalination and Reuse Center are developing an innovative system that more efficiently vaporizes water using interfacial heating. The design uses a photothermal material to capture the entire spectrum of sunlight and convert it into heat with nearly 100% efficiency. Why it matters: This research could provide more sustainable and efficient methods for producing fresh water in arid regions like the Middle East.
KAUST researchers have developed a new solar distillation device that prevents salt accumulation by using a centimeter-scale plastic cube containing glass fiber membranes and carbon nanotubes. The design incorporates vertically oriented membranes with hydrophilic microchannels to transport seawater to the top solar layer for distillation. This elevated design doubles the freshwater production rate compared to existing salt-rejection solar stills. Why it matters: This innovation improves the efficiency and longevity of solar-powered desalination, offering a sustainable solution for water purification in emergency situations and remote areas.
KAUST researchers found that sulfate ions reduce free water in aqueous batteries, mitigating parasitic reactions that degrade the anode and shorten battery life. Adding zinc sulfate increased battery lifespan by more than ten times. Sulfate salts stabilize the bonds of free water, acting as a "water glue" to reduce parasitic reactions. Why it matters: This finding provides a cheap and scalable approach to improve the viability of aqueous batteries for sustainable energy storage, particularly for integrating renewable energy sources.
KAUST researchers have developed a passive cooling system that uses solar energy to evaporate water and regenerate salt for reuse, achieving temperatures as low as 3.6 degrees Celsius. The system uses ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) due to its high solubility and low cost. The crystallized salt stores solar energy and can be reused for cooling when needed. Why it matters: This off-grid design offers a sustainable and inexpensive cooling solution for communities in hot regions with limited electricity access, addressing a critical need exacerbated by climate change.